Riflessioni sul Perdono, sulla Dignità e sulla Riconciliazione
Katarina Kruhonja
1. I negoziati di pace, generalmente, sono incentrati sulle dimensioni politica ed economica. Quale è la Sua percezione della necessità di toccare aspetti più profondi e genuini della riconciliazione e come si può ottenere questo?
It is important that even during the war one consciously has to make steps toward peace by preserving the essence of peace – a human dignity.
When speaking of peace negotiations, then peace agreement and implementation thereof should incorporate elements of transition justice in order to preserve human dignity. Transition justice elements include: establishing of the fate of missing and detained people, co-operation in respect of establishing facts on war crimes, possibility of publicly presenting the suffering of victims (truth telling mechanisms), apologies, erecting monuments and co-operation of compensations to victims of war crimes.
2. Quali sono le condizioni nelle quali, al di là dell’assicurare gli interessi della parti in conflitto, può essere stabilito un processo incentrato su un senso di equità e dignità?
I find that it is important to create space in which parties involved in conflict (representatives from all social, political and economical levels) would have a dialogue about desirable future (sustainable peace and development) and agree on a mutual ground – elements that are important and acceptable for both sides that they wish to realize through co-operation.
3. Quanto il perdono è essenziale alla dimensione della riconciliazione? Alla radice della Sua cultura politica e/o della Sua fede religiosa quali sono i principi che implicano o escludono il perdono? Quali versi o detti che fanno parte del Suo personale patrimonio spirituale possono, nella sua opinione, avere un significato universale
Forgiveness, essentially is not what we find “normalization” or peace as the absence of war. For a “Shalom”, however, a basic trust is needed and in my opinion it cannot be renewed without reconciliation (after the conflict) or be acquired without accepting differences.
I find helpful the following golden rule: “Do to others what you would like to be done to you”.
4. Il perdono richiede qualche forma di pentimento da parte di coloro a cui il perdono viene offerto? Il perdono ha condizioni o è senza condizioni?
In my opinion, forgiveness does not require some form of repentance on the side of those to whom forgiveness is offered (it is necessary for reconciliation). Sometimes, despite repentance it does not come to forgiveness. However, time is needed to address trauma, fear, anger, rage, sorrow. Empathy and solidarity play a significant role in this. For believers, connection with God is a basis for confidence that their suffer is recognised.
In addition to what is provided in the summary of the proposal that I read, I would have added a support to International Criminal Tribunal, i.e. insisting on criminal responsibility of war crime perpetrators.